Durga Pooja in Full Swing in India

Indian devotees dance during the immersion of idol to the Hindu goddess Durga, Agartala, India, April 2, 2012. Vasant Durga Puja is observed during the Chaitra Navratri festival that is significantly performed during the Spring season. (Arindam Dey/Demotix/Corbis)  From ABC's Today in Pictures. 

Goddess Durga Festivities

It's that time of year and festivities for the Goddess Durga are in full swing in India and elsewhere around the world wherever there are Hindus. 

Durga represents the raw, creative force of the Universe; "She" can be benign and benevolent, "She" can be fearsome and destructive.  "She" is often depicted riding a feline -- either a lion or a tiger.  In this, "She" shares similarities with the Goddess Hat-hert (Hathor) of ancient Egypt and the ancient Chinese Goddess Xi Wangmu (Hsi Wang Mu), both of whom, in their earliest forms (before they were "tamed" down over the centuries) displayed feline characteristics and could, in the blink of an eye, turn into fear-inspiring destructive creatures of death.  Hat-hert was the roaring lioness; Xiwangmu had tiger's teeth and claws and leopard's tail. 










From Washington Bangla Radio
The Old Sobhabazar Rajbari Puja | WBRi Kolkata Bonedi Barir Pujo Report
Sun, 10/02/2011 - 09:57   

Calcutta, October 1, 2011 (Washington Bangla Radio) Kolkata embraces few of the best known traditional house hold pujas that can be found in the entire nation. One such puja is of course the Sobha Bazar Rajbari Durga Puja. The puja is celebrated in two houses adjacent to each other.
"Baghbari" owned by Gopimohon Deb was constructed after the original residence was made by Raja Nabakrishna Deb.

Raja Nabakrishna Deb was the famous exponent of Hinduism during the Brahmo Samaj Movement by Raja Rammohon Roy. It was in the year 1757 after the famous Battle of Plassey that this Durga Puja was organized.

Like most of the families this one too has their own sets of rituals. The arrangement for the puja starts from the day of 'Rath Yatra' itself when the the wooden frame work of the idol is worshipped. The Durga idol is made inside the household and the ritual of bodhon starts 15 days before Nabami. For the Deb family, Goddess Durga is nothing else than the daughter of their household idol, Gopinath Jeu.

The devi is placed in 'Ek Chala', decked with silver ornaments. The silver foils which were imported from Germany came through post meaning 'dak' and thus the decoration came to be known as 'Daker Saaj'.

The idol of Sobha Bazar Raj Bari is adorned with gold ornaments like nose ring and 'bindi' which are the only metal used to decorate the goddess. Considered to be one of the oldest pujas in the city now, it is said that canons used to be fired in the initial days of the festival as a part of the celebration. But now, gun shots have replaced them.

Debs' perform a ritual called "Kanakanjali". Gold coins dating to the time of Akbar's reign were thrown at married women with children.

The immersion ceremony is very special and dazzling.

The ritual called 'Tarpan' is performed to let the dead ancestors know of the Puja is performed in the Dashami morning.

The Bisarjan ceremony (Immersion) is a spectacular affair.Women dress in red and white saris while men wear dhotis carrying seven golden umbrellas.
A musical band play along and two Nilkantha birds are released. Around 60 men lend their shoulders to the goddess on her way to the river. Previously the band was hired from Scotch Highlander (Gorar Baddi). The myth behind the release of Nilkantha Birds is quite interesting.

The first Nilkantha is set free to go to Kailash to convey the message of Devi Durga's departure to Shiva.

The other Nilkantha bird is set free in the middle of the river to ensure the message has been conveyed in case the first one fails. After the goddess is immersed in the water then the holy water collected which is called "Gana shanti jal" and it is sprinkled on everyone present.

So get ready for the next five days of fun and merry-making and amid visiting the famous club pujas of the city one should also squeeze some time and taste the cultural past of Kolkata by visiting one of these few ancient households that still worships the goddess of shakti with equal pomp and glory.


This article provides some explanation regarding the different aspects of the Goddess Durga and the rituals involving her celebration (puja):

From The Times of India
Nine leaves make goddess-devotee bond stronger
Shailvee ShardaShailvee Sharda, TNN | Oct 2, 2011, 04.16AM IST

LUCKNOW: Before her formal incarnation in the clay idol, avtaars of Goddess Durga is invoked in nine different leaves. Turmeric for instance denotes Durga, while the paddy plant represents Lakshmi. Kachu (arbi) and Mankachu represent Kalika and Chamnuda respectively, while Jayanti embodies Kartiki, the way Bel bears Shivani. The pious banana leaves are seen as Brahmacharini and red pomegranate leaves remind of Raktadantika.

The leaves come together in a ritual is called Navapatrika. But, the customs of Navapatrika presents a deeper meaning and philosophy. "It not only strengthen the bond between humans and nature, they inspire us to get closer to mother Earth," said Swami Mukhtinathananda of Shri Ramakrishna Math.

"Instead of a clay idol, the goddess becomes an embodiment of these nine leaves to bless her devotees" he added. All these leaves have a medicinal value too. On Shashthi, devotees and priests wake up the goddess in a ritual called Akalbodhan. She is invited through the ritual of Aamantran and provided an Adhibaas or a place to stay with her children through the puja. Usually, the place where goddess stays is a Bel tree. In the evening or early hours of Saptami, the goddess is prepared for a formal incarnation in the clay idol. As a part of the same, she is invoked in the nine leaves, draped in a sari and taken to a pond or river for bathing. Nowadays, water from different sources is gathered near the puja pandal for this purpose. Though the tradition has a universal nature in Bengal, some pandals in the city follow it ritualistically. Ramakrishna Mission's puja is an example.

Director of a national museum, Rajesh Purohit, had studied the ritual anthropologically and found its deep relationship with Chandipaath. "Verses in the Mahatmya chapter of Chandipaath have specific references on the type of leaf associated with a specific deity. I feel amazed realising how aware our ancestors were," Purohit told TOI.

Chandipaath is an important ritual that heralds Durga puja. Commonly its chanting is associated with victory of good over evil. S Bhaduri, of a puja committee in Indiranagar, agrees with Purohit. "The principle that god resides in every single particle on this earth turns true with Navapatrika," he said. Piyali Guha found the element of women empowerment in the ritual. "Strength is not a property of the physically strong. It is a result of will. Even leaves can become a Durga when they join hands," she said.

A Tale of the Goddess Durga

Carvings tell story of ancient female solidarity Retno K. Djojo, Contributor, East Java Fri, 06/26/2009 1:08 PM Lifestyle Whatever the era or situation, women's issues have always cropped up, and the relief panels at Candi Tegowangi, in Pare, Kediri, are testimony that in East Java also, issues concerning the fate of woman were not swept under the carpet. Instead, they are made overt, portrayed on the temple's walls for subsequent generations to learn from the past and prevent problems from recurring. The beautifully sculpted relief panels at Tegowangi also show that female solidarity in defending their cause was a force to be reckoned with. It was someone no less than Prince Sadewa, one of the Pandawa brothers in the Mahabharata Hindu epic, who had a rude awakening to the presence of female solidarity when he was literally dragged by his mother, Goddess Kunti, to address the case of Goddess Durga. Though initially reluctant on being taken to face the hideous Goddess Durga and her ogress-like handmaids, Sadewa willingly conducted a purification rite. The relief panels show Sadewa sitting cross-legged and in deep meditation to undo the wicked spell cast upon Durga and her handmaids by Lord Shiva. Shiva, Durga's husband, had cast the spell on his wife in a fit of anger, rendering the beauty into something hideous. Realizing his mistake, he decreed that the spell could be undone with the help of Sadewa. The purification rite instantly restored beauty to Durga and her companions. Durga's honor was restored, and she became known in a new role as benevolent Goddess Uma. As token of gratitude she awarded Sadewa the title of Sudamala, which means "savior". The relief panels at Tegowangi, which date back to the Majapahit era, display exquisitely fine workmanship. Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, who mentioned the existence of this ancient temple in his journal The History of Java, admired the rich decorations on the temple's walls and staircase. The pillars and panels are adorned with sculptures in a great variety of forms, demonstrating the artisans' creativity. Entirely constructed of andesite, the temple, measuring 11.2 meters on each side with a height of 4.35 meters, was built as a repository shrine for an important dignitary of the Majapahit kingdom, Bhre Matahun, who died in 1388. But work on the temple's wall could not be completed, so a large portion on the temple's wall behind the 13th panel has been left blank. It should have contained the purging of wicked infiltrators into the Pandawa camp through the joint efforts of Goddess Uma and Sadewa. The temple staircase and parts of its platform, which functioned as a place for worship, have suffered severe damage, but visitors can still enjoy the excellent workmanship of those ancient artisans. Visitors to the temple should not waste the opportunity to view a smaller temple located just a stone's throw away from the main temple and enjoy another series of fine workmanship on the temple walls. The smaller temple, Candi Pariwara, measuring 4.34 meters on each side, has relief panels with animal figures, placed in rectangular, diamond or circular frames. The temple's staircase is guarded by ornate statues, including a lion figure.