Sunday, January 26, 2014

2014 Tradewise Gibraltar Chess Festival

It is that time of year once again.  Someday I should very much like to travel to Gibraltar and enjoy the balmy Mediterranean breezes.  Right now we're being battered with strong winds, yet more snow (6 inches fell last night but fortunately, it was the light fluffy stuff so it only took me an hour and 15 minutes to clear my driveway with a shovel), and overnight and tomorrow windchills down to 45 below zero F.  Yikes! 

Tradewise Gibraltar Chess Festival (official website)

Checking out the line-up for the Masters (Open) with 244 players, I am trying to pick out chess femmes along with American players and stopped after the first 100, LOL!

  7 2000024Kamsky, GatagUSA2709
33 8601283Zhao, XuegCHN2567
35 14111330Muzychuk, AnnagSLO2566
 37 2021285Lenderman, AleksandrgUSA2562
45 1700030Cramling, PiagSWE2525
49 12801259Cmilyte, ViktorijagLTU2515
51 12400149Hoang, Thanh TranggHUN2511
52 8600031Xu, JungCHN2510
53 14114550Muzychuk, MariyamUKR2503
54 617822Sebag, MariegFRA2501
57 4147855Pogonina, NataliawgRUS2495
60 2902257Stefanova, AntoanetagBUL2486
61 8603642Tan, ZhongyiwgCHN2483
63 8600546Zhu, ChengQAT2481
72 4641833Paehtz, ElisabethmGER2458
73 8604002Guo, QiwgCHN2450
75 14101513Zhukova, NataliagUKR2449
78 5007844Sachdev, TaniamIND2442
79 4900758Munguntuul, BatkhuyagmMGL2438
82 13601458Javakhishvili, LelamGEO2430
89 405094Houska, JovankamENG2415
93 4196872Savina, AnastasiamRUS2402
97 623725Milliet, SophiemFRA2390


Action starts at 8:00 p.m. on January 27th.   GM Irina Krush, reigning U.S. Women's Champion, will be providing commentary along with GM Simon Williams. 

As you can see from the line-up, some of the best female chessplayers in the world will be competing against top level male talent at Gibraltar.  May the hand of the Goddess be upon the chess femmes and bring them all victory! 

This great tournament always attracts top female chess talent because of the prizes.  There are separate prizes awarded to women and they are also eligible to compete for the Open prizes.  Should you win, you take the best and leave the rest on the table for another player.

Women's Prizes: If there is a tie for the top women’s prize, the tie is resolved in favour of the woman with the highest performance rating, who will receive the prize of £15,000. All other prizes will not be subject to a tie-break and prize money other than the first prize will be divided equally amongst the players.

Open to all Women
1st Prize
£15,000
2nd Prize
£10,000
3rd Prize
£5,000
4th Prize
£3,500
5th Prize
£2,500
6th Prize
£2,000
7th Prize
£1,500
8th Prize
£1,000
9th Prize
£600
10th Prize
£400

Settlement of European Sea Peoples

From Science Daily

Cultural connections with Europe found in ancient Jordanian settlement

January 23, 2014
Source:  University of Gothenburg
Summary:  Swedish archaeologists in Jordan have excavated a nearly 60-metre long well-preserved building from 11000 B.C. in the ancient settlement of Tell Abu al-Karaz.  The building is from an era characterized by major migration.

Reconstruction of the building from 1100 B.C.  Credit: University of Gothenburg
 
Swedish archaeologists in Jordan led by Professor Peter M. Fischer from the University of Gothenburg have excavated a nearly 60-metre long well-preserved building from 1100 B.C. in the ancient settlement Tell Abu al-Kharaz. The building is from an era characterized by major migration.
 
New finds support the theory that groups of the so-called Sea Peoples emigrated to Tell Abu al-Kharaz. They derive from Southern or Eastern Europe and settled in the Eastern Mediterranean region all the way to the Jordan Valley.

Dr. Irving Finkel on The Great Flood

I wasn't even going to read this story (yawn...another flood story...) until Irving Finkel's name caught my eye.  He's the real deal.  I first became familiar with his name many years ago in connection with my study of ancient board games.


The Ark Tablet in the hands of its decipherer, Dr Irving Finkel (Benjamin McMahon)                                        
From The Telegraph Online

Irving Finkel: reader of the lost Ark

Tom Chivers meets the man who deciphered a 4,000-year-old blueprint – for the original Noah’s Ark

7:00AM GMT 19 Jan 2014
 
Four thousand years ago, a millennium and a half before the first Jewish scholars put pen to parchment on the Book of Genesis, a scribe in what is now Iraq carved the story of a great flood on to a clay tablet, in the strange and beautiful script known as cuneiform. The story told of how a god came and warned a great man to build a boat, and to take his family on that boat, and two animals of every kind, because the world was to be cleansed with a flood.
 
About 30 years ago, one Douglas Simmonds wandered in to the British Museum, and handed the tablet to a man called Irving Finkel, who immediately recognised it as one of the most important archaeological finds of recent years. Dr Finkel, an Assyriologist or student of the civilisations of ancient Mesopotamia, begged Simmonds to leave it with him, but he would do no such thing. It took him until 2009 to convince Simmonds to let him have it; when he did, what he discovered was a piece of the flood story – the Assyrian story of the Ark, centuries before Noah.

They Were Making STEEL in Iron Age Scotland

This is absolutely fascinating, because it is so unexpected (article after break).  I was under the impression that steel manufacturing did not begin until the 800-900s CE.  I know Wikipedia has its critics, but when I want to get some quick information about a subject with which I am not familiar, that is where I go to get initial information, and research from there. 

The section of the Wikipedia entry on "Steel" about its early history is very informative:

Ancient steel

Steel was known in antiquity, and may have been produced by managing bloomeries, or iron-smelting facilities, in which the bloom contained carbon.[15]

The earliest known production of steel is a piece of ironware excavated from an archaeological site in Anatolia (Kaman-Kalehoyuk) and is about 4,000 years old.[16] Other ancient steel comes from East Africa, dating back to 1400 BC.[17] In the 4th century BC steel weapons like the Falcata were produced in the Iberian Peninsula, while Noric steel was used by the Roman military.[18]

Steel was produced in large quantities in Sparta around 650BC.[19][20]

The Chinese of the Warring States (403–221 BC) had quench-hardened steel,[21] while Chinese of the Han Dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) created steel by melting together wrought iron with cast iron, gaining an ultimate product of a carbon-intermediate steel by the 1st century AD.[22][23] The Haya people of East Africa invented a type of furnace they used to make carbon steel at 1,802 °C (3,276 °F) nearly 2,000 years ago.[24]

Wootz steel and Damascus steel

Evidence of the earliest production of high carbon steel in the Indian Subcontinent was found in Samanalawewa area in Sri Lanka.[25] Wootz steel was produced in India by about 300 BC.[26]
[not in citation given]

However, the steel was an old technology in India when King Porus presented a Steel sword to the Emperor Alexander in 326 BC[citation needed]. The steel technology obviously existed before 326 BC as steel was being exported to the Arab World at that time. Since the technology was acquired from the Tamilians from South India, the origin of steel technology in India can be conservatively[vague] estimated at 400-500 BC[citation needed].

Along with their original methods of forging steel, the Chinese had also adopted the production methods of creating Wootz steel, an idea imported into China from India by the 5th century AD.[27] In Sri Lanka, this early steel-making method employed a unique wind furnace, driven by the monsoon winds, capable of producing high-carbon steel.[28]

Also known as Damascus steel, wootz is famous for its durability and ability to hold an edge. It was originally created from a number of different materials including various trace elements. It was essentially a complicated alloy with iron as its main component. Recent studies have suggested that carbon nanotubes were included in its structure, which might explain some of its legendary qualities, though given the technology available at that time, they were produced by chance rather than by design.[29] Natural wind was used where the soil containing iron was heated by the use of wood. The ancient Sinhalese managed to extract a ton of steel for every 2 tons of soil,[28] a remarkable feat at the time. One such furnace was found in Samanalawewa and archaeologists were able to produce steel as the ancients did.[28][30]

Crucible steel, formed by slowly heating and cooling pure iron and carbon (typically in the form of charcoal) in a crucible, was produced in Merv by the 9th to 10th century AD.[26] In the 11th century, there is evidence of the production of steel in Song China using two techniques: a "berganesque" method that produced inferior, inhomogeneous steel and a precursor to the modern Bessemer process that used partial decarbonization via repeated forging under a cold blast.[31]

Luxor Tourism Down 99% from Normal

Oh my.  This is so sad.  I have great sympathy for the Egyptian people in Luxor and other areas so dependent upon tourism to make their livings.  What is the answer to getting the tourists back?  Stability - and a feeling that they will be safe.  Will Egypt see stability any time soon?  And will tourists ever feel safe?

Personally, it grieves me that at one time I contemplated making a trip with Mr. Don -- a boat trip down (up?) the Nile River, stopping at places like Luxor. Oh, how he wanted to go to Egypt!  But our budgets just would not allow. And then, that dream went pouf with the Revolution and consequent unrest and open warfare among various factions trying to take (or regain) power.  Now, with  Mr. Don passed away, well - that's just one trip I would never make by myself.  So I will never see Egypt.  I feel like crying.

Tourism: Egypt: the slow agony of Luxor and the Nile Valley

Governor, alternatives like agriculture, industry necessary

22 January, 12:25

(by Cristiana Missori) (ANSAmed) - LUXOR, JANUARY 22 - With the tourism industry in deep crisis in Upper Egypt, it is hard not to encounter people including street vendors, boat, taxi or carriage drivers ferrying tourists along the Nile in Luxor or to visit archaeological sites not begging visitors to buy something.

'Please, I am hungry, buy something, you decide the price', they say. Western tourists walking through Luxor are few although clashes and casualties registered between the two souls of Egypt - Morsi supporters and opponents - are relatively far from here.

'Here in Luxor we have taken to the streets at two historic times: on January 25, 2011 and in July 2013', said Boutros, a Coptic trader. Luxor residents chose to demonstrate for the ouster of two presidents, Mubarak and Morsi, as well as others across the country. 'However we are not interested in politics.

We only want to work', said Gamal from a nearby spice store smelling of cinnamon and cardamom with an old radio playing verses from the Koran.

Almost everything is sold at half price or on sale at markets as well as big hotels. A number of luxury hotels even offer Spa services with 50% off. The Art Museum, a three-storey bazaar selling products made by local artisans and spices which used to be open from 9 am until 10 pm, is empty. So retailers have decided to open only once a week.

'Only if a hotel or travel agent calls we open', said the manager. All products are half price or cost even less. The worst year, according to many, was 2012 under the government of the Muslim Brothers.

And the new governor of Luxor, Tarek Saad El Din, who took over the post last August, has far from an easy job. Four governors have filled the post since 2011 and the problems are still there.

About '70% of people here in Luxor work in tourism and my top objective is to attract again foreign and Egyptian visitors to this region', El Din told ANSAmed.

As a consequence, he started meeting ambassadors of France, Italy, Great Britain, Russia, Japan and Egypt, asking them to come check the situation on the ground. In Luxor, recalled El Din, 'nothing has ever happened. No violence'.

Numbers however show a harsh reality. 'In August, the rate of visitors was 1%. In the past few days it has risen to 28%'. A significant impulse, said the governor, was given by the visit of EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton.

In order to confront the emergency and literally feed the starved tour operators in Luxor, 'the government of Cairo has allocated 3 million liras for guides and 2.5 for carriage drivers (and their horses)and all those working with feluccas all year', said El Din.

While waiting for the negative trend to stop, it is necessary to aim high. 'There are no factories here', said the governor. 'With the industry minister, we have decided to start two projects to develop food and beverage industries in the areas of Bogdadi and Esna. All this respecting the environment'.

The governor's idea is to develop renewable energies, in particular solar energy.

'So far we have installed panels on three different public buildings in the city', he said. Before becoming governor, El Din was executive director of the authority to develop Egyptian tourism. 'The agency has 1,74 million dollars in investments, 72% of which are in the hands of local entrepreneurs. We have confidence mostly in Egyptian investors'.

(ANSAmed) © Copyright ANSA - All rights reserved

Wednesday, January 22, 2014

Previously Unknown Pharaoh and Dynasty Discovered at Abydos

Mystery pharaoh and his tomb identified in Egypt

Jan. 15, 2014 at 5:42 PM ET
 
CAIRO — A previously unknown pharaoh and his burial place have been unearthed amid the tombs of other Egyptian kings, and archaeologists say the find could lead to still more royal discoveries.
The pharaoh's name, Senebkay, was found inscribed on the wall of a burial chamber that's part of the Abydos archaeological site, near the southern city of Sohag. Fragments of the name appeared on one list of Egyptian kings and queens, but no other trace of Senebkay had been found until now, said Ali Asfar, head of antiquities for the Egyptian government.

"This was the first time in history to discover the king," Asfar told NBC News on Wednesday.
He and other archaeologists say Senebkay lived roughly 3,650 years ago, during the second intermediate period of ancient Egyptian history. That was an era when several rulers vied for power — setting the stage for the rise of Egypt's New Kingdom around 1550 B.C.



Intact Containers Containing Barley Uncovered at Catalhoyuk

Holy Hathor!  I love that ongoing excavavations are taking place at this site.  What else will be uncovered as time goes on...

From PAP Science and Scholarship in Poland

Poles discovered an over 8 thousand years old grain storage in Turkey

20.01.2014

The largest so far known in the Middle East amount of grain of the Neolithic period in a perfect state of preservation has been discovered by Polish archaeologists in Çatalhöyük, a famous archaeological site in Turkey.
 
Çatalhöyük is one of the largest urban centers of first farmers and one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world.

"In a small room with an area of approximately 7 m2 we discovered four clay containers. Each contained barley" - explained project pleader Prof. Arkadiusz Marciniak from the Institute of Prehistory, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań.

In total, from each of the two studied containers archaeologists recovered almost 5 kg of grain. Such amount and such a good state of preservation is a global scale phenomenon. In addition, a different grain cluster was discovered in the room. Archeobotanical analysis showed that it was an extinct species of wheat, popular in Neolithic times in the Middle East and Europe. The room in which the discovery was made was situated in the north-eastern part of the homestead - it belonged to a larger residential building, inhabited 8,200 years ago. It was the final period of the large settlement. According to Prof. Marciniak, only few inhabited households remained on the hill at the time.

The entire structure will be exploted in the coming research seasons. It is known already that the grain storage must have burned down: grain was charred at the temperature of several hundred degrees. Nevertheless, archaeologists were able to determine that the walls of the room were whitened from the inside. In addition to the grain containers, archaeologists found several ceramic vessels, also used for storage.

Çatalhöyük is located in the southern part of the Anatolian Plateau (central Turkey). So far, Polish excavations have focused in the central part of the tell - an artificial hill formed as a result of centuries of settlement. Currently, during the second season, archaeologists explore a part of the south slope.

The first excavations at Çatalhöyük were conducted in the 1960s by British archaeologists James Mellaart. The research was resumed only in 1993. International team is headed by Prof. Ian Hodder of Stanford University. Polish archaeologists joined the project in 2001.

Çatalhöyük was inhabited continuously for 1200 years between 7200 and 6000 BC. It is estimated that during its heyday, the densely built-up settlement with an area of dozens of acres had 6000 residents. The site became famous due to the paintings which decorated the walls of houses and other plastic interior decorations. They depicted human and animal figures as well as geometric motifs. An interesting fact is that the dead were buried under the floors of houses.

Last year's excavations continued from June to August. The work was possible with financial support of the National Science Centre under the Harmony programme.

PAP - Science and Scholarship in Poland, Szymon Zdziebłowski

szz/ agt/

tr. RL

Tuesday, January 14, 2014

ORCA Chess Winter Tournament 2014

Hola darlings!  This Saturday, January 18, 2014, The Ozaukee Regional Chess Association is hosting a four games in one day G/45, d5 tournament! 

Ozaukee Seasonal Series Winter Tournament

Flyer for details.  The entry fee is $15, $3 less if registered before January 15th and ORCA members receive an additional discount of $2.  You can register online - check it out! 

Site registration is available between 9:00 a.m. and 9:45 a.m. on January 18th.

Rounds will be at 10:00 a.m.; 12:30 p.m.; 2:15 p.m.; and 4:00 p.m.

United States Chess Federation membership is required.  Eighty percent (80%) of combined receipts (2 sections) minus expenses are awarded as prizes. 

2014 Tata Steel Wijk aan Zee

American GM Hikaru Nakamura is playing in the Masters Event, which has finished R3.  It's early days yet, with several players tied at 2.0/3 and Nakamura currently in 5th place (12 players).

There are no female players in the Masters, so I'm not that interested in it, despite an American GM playing.  Of much more interest to Goddesschess are the two women playing in the Challengers event.  Here are the Masters standings after R3 (I've highlighted the two women):

Tata Steel Challengers Wijk aan Zee (NED), 11-26 i 2014cat. XIV (2579)
12345678901234
1.Bok, BenjaminmNED2560*.½...1....1..2911
2.Jobava, BaadurgGEO2710.*..½...1....12790
3.Saric, IvangCRO2637½.*..1...½....22711
4.Muzychuk, AnnagSLO2566...*.½.1.½....22677
5.Duda, Jan-KrzysztofgPOL2553.½..*.....½.1.22742
6.Reinderman, DimitrigNED2593..0½.*....1...2638
7.Brunello, SabinogITA26020.....*.½..1..2601
8.Troff, Kayden WmUSA2457...0...*..½.1.2569
9.Zhao, XuegCHN2567.0....½.*....12581
10.Timman, Jan HgNED2607..½½.....*.0..12501
11.Wojtaszek, RadoslawgPOL2711....½0.½..*...12409
12.Yu, YangyigCHN26770.....0..1.*..12464
13.Van Delft, MerijnmNED2430....0..0....*112355
14.Goudriaan, EtiennemNED2431.0......0...0*0

I'll check back in a few more rounds to see how the chess femmes are doing. They are seasoned veterans, used to fierce competition, so it will be interesting to see what develops!  Information from The Week in Chess coverage. 

Does Çatalhöyük Painting Depict Ancient Volcanic Eruption?

From Science Daily

Neolithic Mural May Depict Ancient Eruption


Hasan Dagi volcano, Turkey. Photo from article. Awe inspiring.
Jan. 9, 2014Volcanic rock dating suggests the painting of a Çatalhöyük mural may have overlapped with an eruption in Turkey according to results published January 8, 2014, in the open access journal PLOS ONE by Axel Schmitt from the University of California Los Angeles and colleagues from other institutions.

2,000 Year Old Burial Uncovered by Utility Crew in Florida

At Huffington Post - Miami.  There is a news report video from the local television station about the discovery I recommend watching.  In accordance with the wishes of local Native American tribes, no photos of the remains are available.

Skeleton of 2,000-Year-Old Woman Unearthed In South Florida
Sun Sentinel | By KEN KAYE Posted: | Updated: 01/10/2014 10:20 am EST
She rested in peace for about 2,000 years until utility crews came shortly before Christmas to install a new waterline on Pine Island Road in Davie, Florida.

That's when the fully intact skeleton of what is believed to be a Tequesta Indian woman was found -- perhaps the best-preserved remains of an ancient human uncovered in the past 40 years, authorities said Thursday.

"It's either Tequesta or the member of a people that predates the Tequesta," said Bob Carr of the Archaeological and Historical Conservancy in Davie. "It's unusually well preserved, considering it's been under a highway with thousands and thousands of cars going over it every day."

The woman, about 5 feet tall and about 20 to 30 years old, will now be analyzed by state and local archaeological authorities and then reburied in about a month in a secret location, with Seminole and Miccosukee Indians conducting the ceremony.

No artifacts were found with the skeleton, and it had no distinguishing marks to indicate how she died. "There's nothing in the bones to indicate trauma," Carr said.

The discovery began as crews were about to start installing a waterline on the east side of Pine Island Road near the Forest Ridge subdivision, between Griffin Road and State Road 84.

But before the backhoes began biting into the ground, Broward County archaeology officials warned that the waterline might run through a historical site and began surveying the area, Carr said.
The northbound lanes of Pine Island were closed as a result of the find and reopened on Thursday.

After the skeleton was unearthed, Seminole and Miccosukee Indian officials requested the discovery remain quiet until Thursday and insisted no photos be taken of it.

"This is fairly standard protocol," said Gary Bitner, whose public relations firm represents the Seminole Tribe of Florida. "It's done with an obvious respect for the remains."

Because of a state requirement that all construction sites must be surveyed to ensure no historical objects are destroyed, Carr and other archaeologists have found numerous bones and artifacts. But finding full skeletons is relatively rare.

Three other intact skeletons were found in the same vicinity in the 1980s and another skeleton was found in a new development in far western Miramar about 12 years ago.

The most recent one was the best preserved and among the oldest, Carr said. The age estimate was based on "context," as artifacts found earlier near the discovery site, including pottery shards, were determined to be at least 2,000 years old.

"There was no carbon 14 dating or DNA testing, as the Florida tribes don't want any physical destruction of the bones," Carr said.

In 2002, Carr discovered the foundation of a Tequesta Indian home estimated to be 1,000 years old in downtown Miami. Four more were found nearby last year.

He and other archaeologists also have found Tequesta artifacts in Parkland in 2008; a major Tequesta settlement, dating back to 800 A.D., along Fort Lauderdale's New River in 2009; and bones up to 3,000 years old, believed to be those of members of the Jeaga tribe, along State Road A1A in Delray Beach in 2012

New Dates for Adena Mound

This North American culture lasted for about 1,000 years.  I wonder if the USA will do so, sometimes, geez!

From The Chillicothe Gazette

Adena Mound dates to first century

Chillicothe's place in history even more secure

Jan. 14, 2014
Written by Matthew Kent, Gazette Staff Writer


Adena "effigy pipe" (from article)
CHILLICOTHE — As word of new evidence emerges that Chillicothe’s place in history goes back to the first century of the Common Era, at least one state historian is hoping people understand the importance of the discovery.

Ohio Historical Society archaeologists, in partnership with researchers from the private Cultural Resource Management firm Gray & Pape and Ohio State University, conducted radiocarbon testing on small pieces of bark and fabric excavated from the Adena Mound in 1901.

The bark produced dates of around A.D. 40, whereas the textile gave a date of 140 B.C. The new dates will be reported in an article in the February issue of the Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology.

Wari Burial of Women One of Top Ten Discoveries in 2013

Archaeology magazine online is out with it's top ten archaeological discoveries for 2013 and among them is the discovery of a large burial of three, or possibly four, Wari women surrounded by the bodies of "40 noblewomen buried in a sitting position" and four other sacrificed individuals, gulp:

A Wari Matriarchy?

Castillo de Huarmey, Peru
Tuesday, December 10, 2013
 
At the center of Castillo de Huarmey in northern Peru is a burial complex where Milosz Giersz and a team of archaeologists from the University of Warsaw and the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru uncovered chambers containing the remains of three, or possibly four, royal women of the Wari Empire. They were accompanied by 40 noblewomen buried in a sitting position, seven sacrificed individuals whose bodies had been thrown over the seated burials, and more than 1,300 artifacts, including ear ornaments typically worn by royal men and weaving tools made of gold and silver.

Photo credit, Patrycja Przadka Giersz.
Check out the head and face on top of the ceremonial flask!

“This is the first time in an archaeological excavation that we have found a tomb full of prestige goods related to Wari women,” Giersz says, adding that cotton and camel-wool textiles also found as grave goods were considered by the Wari to be more valuable offerings than gold. Giersz estimates that the tomb dates to A.D. 750. Burials of royal men have been found at the site, but thus far not in chambers of this size. The tomb could answer questions about the roles that women played at the highest levels of Wari society.
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